Domestic Sector for low-rise residential buildings have two sources, either municipal water-distribution systems or, where these are not available, Well that are drilled to underground aquifers which are free of contamination. Water is drawn from the wells with small submersible electric pumps, which are lowered through the well casing to the intake. Underground exterior water-supply pipe are usually cast-iron with threaded connections to contain the pressures applied to the fluid, which is typically sufficient to raise it four stories. Within the Building, copper tubing with soldered connections is used for distribution because of its corrosion resistance and ease of fabrication; in some areas Plastic pipe is also used. The domestic Water Supply is divided into cold and hot systems, the cold water being piped directly to the fixtures. The hot-water system first draws the supply through a hot-water heating tank, which raises its temperature to about 60 °C (140 °F) using electric resistance or gas heat. Domestic water heaters that use solar to heat water in coils exposed to the sun on a glass-covered black metal plate (flat-plate solar collectors) are found in areas where there is ample sunshine and relatively high energy costs. The hot water is then distributed from the heater to the fixtures in a recirculating loop pipe system, in which gravity and temperature differential maintain a constant temperature in periods of low demand.

The primary residential use of water is in the Washroom, which typically includes a bathtub of CI(Cast Iron) or pressed steel with a ceramic porcelain coating (although fiber-glass-reinforced resin is also used), a ceramic lavatory, and a ceramic tank-type water closet. The bath and lavatory are supplied with hot and cold water through faucets with lever or screw-type valve controls. The valve of the water closet supply is also lever-operated and relies on the gravity power of the water in the tank for its flushing action. Shower baths are also common, often incorporated into bathtub recess or in a separate compartment finished with ceramic tile. In some countries a bidet is included.

Other widely used plumbing fixtures include kitchen sinks, usually of cast iron or pressed steel with a ceramic porcelain coating, or of stainless steel; automatic dishwashing machines; and automatic washing machines for laundry. Kitchen sinks can be fitted with garbage disposals, which grind solid waste into a fluid slurry that is flushed out with wastewater. Where the possibility of back siphonage of wastewater into the water supply exists, a vacuum breaker must be provided at the supply to prevent this happening, but most domestic plumbing fixtures are designed to avoid this possibility.

Drainage System :

To remove wastewater are made of cast-iron pipe with threaded joints or bell-and-spigot joints sealed with molten lead or with plastic pipe with solvent-welded joints. The waste pipe of every Plumbing fixture is provided with a semi-circular reverse curve, or trap, which remains constantly filled with water and prevents odors from the drainage system from escaping into occupied spaces. Immediately downstream from each trap is an opening to a vent pipe system, which lets air into the drainage system and protects the water seals in the traps from removal by siphonage or back pressure. When wastewater leaves the building, it is drained through a backflow-prevention valve and into underground ceramic pipes. It then flows by gravity to either a private Sewage Treatment plant(STP), such as Septic Tank and tile field, or to the public sewer system. If the discharge level of the wastewater is below the level of the sewer, a sewage ejector pump is required to raise the wastewater to a higher level, where gravity carries it away.

Plumbing codes :

If you are not aware of the term plumbing code, ensure to hire a plumber who is well aware of the term and helps in plumbing installation. Plumbing codes are a set of rules and regulations imposed by countries, states, or cities.

Purpose of plumbing codes :

The main purpose of plumbing codes is to enhance water efficiency, and the plumber needs to make sure all plumbing codes are followed as the rules prescribed by authorities.

There are 3 major areas where plumbing codes play an important role... Rough plumbing Installation.. Pipe-lines :

Plumbing Work initiates the wiring process through the internal walls, roofs, and floors.

Drain Lines :

Drainpipes and vents, along with water supply lines for each connection, are fixed.

Bathtubs, shower stall units :

Bathtubs and shower stall units are in place at this point.

Pipework for HVAC system :

The initial phase of piping for the HVAC( heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) system and the furnace is in process at this stage. The installation of HVAC vent pipes is through the roof. And the insulation is done in the floor, ceilings, and walls.You must be worried about how to design your bathroom or what to consider while plumbing.While designing for a bathroom, make sure to follow these points.

How the new homeowner learns to install a sewage line from the is always a doubtful question. It is possible to survive despite the sewage.Line running improperly ,but it is not a good option and, you should better not do it.It is a five-step process that will guide you in the process of making a sewer line.

Wiring :

Wiring your home could be one of the most exhausting tasks if you have no idea about wiring, Plumbing, and your needs. Are you planning to build your dream house very soon or thinking of rewiring it? You are at the right spot!

Designing :

A diagram that indicates the exact location of the breaker and the path to each outlet is drawn. The designing phase helps in understanding the structure of the house for wiring purposes.

Drilling :

Drilling holes requires knowledge about how and where everything is structured. Before drilling the holes, look for what is on the other side of the wall. This process will avoid drilling into Plumbing pipelines, or water pipes. Tap in the middle of the studs where the wires will go under the floor using a 1-inch bit. This process will help you keep your home safe.

Kitchen and washroom areas :

Washrooms and kitchens have a water pipe area that is below the floor.Water in these areas can damage the area, and hence waterproofing is a must.It will help avoid water seeping through the floor or walls and destroying the construction of the house.